BOT 103 MSC I SEM I CYTOGENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 Semester -I

BOT 103

CYTOGENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Total 60 Lectures

Aims and Objectives:

i) To study structural organization and variation in chromosome as well as karyotype analysis.

ii) To study extra-chromosomal inheritance in plant system.

iii) To study molecular biology in relation to genetic material, its inheritance, modification, replication and repair. iv)Tostudytranscription,translationposttranslationmodificationof protein.

v) To study gene regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

CYTOGENETICS

Chapter I: Cytogenetic:- (02)

Definition, history and application in biology

Chapter II: Cell and its components:- (05) Definition of cell, types of cell, Prokaryotic cell structure, eukaryotic cell structure, various cellular organelles found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic (Plant) cell and there functions.

Chapter III:Cell Cycle, its Regulation and control: (04) Mitosis, Meiosis, Check Points, Cyclins and Cyclin dependent Kinases. Apoptosis and program cell death.

Chapter IV: Karyotyping :- (07) Chromosome Structure, Types of chromosomes on the basis of centromere, variat ion in chromosome structure-(Deletion, Duplication, Inversion and Translocation), Variation in chromosome Number (Euploidy, Eneuploidy, methods of inducing Auto and Alloploidy). Banding pattern Q, C, G, and R -bandings, Special types of chromosomes.

Chapter V: In-situ hybridisation :- GISH , FISH (01) 

Chapter VI: Transposons:- Definition , history , types, and importance.

Chapter VII: Cytoplasmic inheritance: (03) Cytoplasmic inheritance involving Chloroplast (Mirabilis jalapa, Zea mays), Mitochondria (Mail sterility in higher plant).

Chapter VIII: Linkage group, linkage map construction correlation with Restriction mapping (Restriction enzymes, construction of RE map). (04)

Chapter IX: Cancer: - Oncogenes proto-oncogenes, metastasis, agent causing cancer, RB

protein and E2F.(02)

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Chapter X: Introduction: - Defination , milestones of molecular biology, scope and

importance. (01) 

Chapter XI: Nucleic acids:- basic properties and moieties of nucleic acids, discovery and types. (01) Chapter XII: DNA :- physical and chemical properties, various types of DNA. Molecular organisation of chromosome and chromatin, nucleosome solenoid , scaffold etc. (04)

Chapter XIII: DNA replication, repair and recombination (Unit of replication, enzymes involved, replication origin and replication fork, DNA damage and repair mechanisms, homologous and site-specific recombination). (04)

Chapter XIV: Genetic recombination: Molecular mechanism of recombination, role of RecA and RecBCD enzymes Chromosome mapping, linkage group, genetic markers, construction of linkage maps, correlation of genetic and physical maps. (04)

Chapter XV: Gene mutation:- Mutagens, Molecular basis of mutation, Mechanism of Spontaneous and induce mutation. (03)

Chapter XVI: RNA:- Physical and chemical properties of RNA, RNA synthesis and processing (transcription factors and machinery, formation of initiation complex, transcription activator and repressor, RNA polymerases, capping, elongation, and termination, RNA processing, RNA editing, splicing, and polyadenylation, structure and function of different types of RNA, RNA transport). (04)

Chapter XVII: Protein synthesis and processing (Ribosome, formation of initiation complex, initiation factors and their regulation, elongation and elongation factors, termination, genetic code, aminoacylation of tRNA, tRNA-identity, aminoacyl tRNA

synthetase, and translational proof -reading, translational inhibitors, Post - modification of proteins).

translational (05)

Chapter XVIII: Gene regulation : in Prokaryotes( operon concept, LAC operon TRP operon); in eukaryotes : Eukaryotic transcriptional regulation (promoter enhancer and silencer,Gene battery) and post transcriptional regu lation. (04)

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Benjamin Lewin(2009) Genes– VI, VII, VIII and IX; Oxford , Univ. Press ,USA .

2. Chaudhari , B.D. (2000)Elementary Principles of plant Breeding(2nd Edt.)Oxford& IBH pub. New Delhi, India.

3. De Robertis and De Robertis ( 2005) Cell and Molecular Biology, 8thEd, Lippincott William and Wilkins U.S.A.

4. Eldon john Gardner, Michel J. Simmons and D. Peter Snustad(1991) Princiles of genetics 8thEd . Wiley India edition, New Delhi, India.

5. Gupta, P. K. (2007) Genetics: Classical to Modern. Rastogi Publications , Meerut, India.

6. Hartl D L and Jones E W (1998) Genetics Principles and Analysis ; (4thed.). Jones and Barflett Publishers, USA.

7. Hexter W and Yost Jr. H T., (1977) The Science of Genetics ; Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. , New Delhi, India.

8. Kar and Halder, (2009)Cell Biology Genetics Molecular Biology; New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd. Kolkata, India.

9. Karp, G. (1999) Cells and Molecular Biology concepts and Experiments; Hohn Wiley & Sons Inc. USA.

10. Phundan Singh, (1996) Essentials of Plant Breeding; Kalyani publication , New Delhi, India.

11. Powar,C. B. (1992) Cell Biology, Himalaya Publishing House Nagpur, India.

12. Powar, C. B (2003) Genetics I & II Himalaya Publishing House, Nagpur, India.

13. Swanson, C. P. T. Merz, and W.J. Young (1982) Cytogenetics ; Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India.

14. Russel, P.J. (1998) Genetics (5th edition); The Benjamin/ Cummings Publishing Company Inc., USA.

15. Verma, Agarwal, (2005) Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution and Ecology: S.Chand and Company , New Delhi, India.